ASSESSMENT OF THE FUNCTIONAL STATE OF THE CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM OF CHILDREN WITH DIFFERENT BODY WEIGHTS
Abstract
The aim of this study was to characterize the functional state of the cardiovascular system, adaptive capabilities and regulatory capabilities of the cardiovascular system in children with different body weights. The study involved 125 boys and girls aged 12 years from the city of Slavuta. Permission to conduct the study was obtained from the participants' parents. Two groups were identified for comparison: a group with normal body weight (group I, n=62) and with increased body weight (group II, n=63). The functional state of the cardiovascular system was assessed by calculating specific indices and adaptive potential using the Baevsky formula. As the data analysis showed, in group I with normal body weight, a significant number of children with high and above average levels of the Robinson index were found, which indicates parasympathetic and pronounced parasympathetic regulation, high and above average levels of physical health. In contrast, Group II (with excess body weight) included children with below average levels of the Robinson index, which indicates sympathetic regulation (38.28%) and low IR - strongly pronounced dominance of the sympathetic system (3.22% of participants). At the same time, in group II with excess body weight, there are no children with high levels of systolic heart work and only 6.65% of children with parasympathetic regulation and above average levels of aerobic capacity of the heart. The sympathetic and pronounced effect of the sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system negatively affects the functional capabilities of the body, carries the risk of overstrain of the cardiovascular system and may in the future cause the occurrence of cardiovascular diseases.
Statistically significant differences in adaptive potential were found (at the significance level p<0.05). Comparing the adaptive capabilities in the second group with increased body weight, unsatisfactory adaptation of the organism to environmental conditions was revealed, which indicates a decrease in the functional capabilities of the cardiovascular system and the organism. Comparative analysis of the data revealed a significant increase in hemodynamic indicators (systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, heart rate) and worse indicators of the functional capabilities of the cardiovascular system, adaptive potential in children 12 years old of group II, which indicates the negative impact of increased body weight. Among the children of the second group, 41.50% were found with low and below average levels of the Robinson index, which indicates the development of a deficit in the functional capabilities of the cardiovascular system, which in the absence of changes in lifestyle and the absence of correction of factors in the future will lead to the development of cardiovascular diseases.
References
2. Головченко ОІ. Стан функціонально-резервних можливостей серцево-судинної системи студенток з різним рівнем рухової активності. Педагогіка, психологія та медико-біологічні проблеми фізичного виховання і спорту. 2021;8:25–29.
3. Горбань Д, Юсупова О. Функціональні можливості кардіореспіраторної системи в осіб юнацького віку у період пандемії Соvіd-19. Нотатки сучасної біології. 2022;1:63–68.
4. Коц СМ, Коц ВП. Дослідження функціонального стану серцево-судинної системи дітей шкільного віку. Альманах науки. 2019;11/1(32):4-12.
5. Коц СМ, Коц ВП, Коц ВВ. Вплив сидячого способу життя. Theoretical and applied aspects of the development of science. 2023. с.66-72.
6. Коц СМ, Коц ВП. Оцінка функціонального стану серцево-судинної системи дітей 11-12 років. Природничий альманах (біологічні науки). 2023;34:43-58.
7. Коц СМ, Коц ВП, Кондратенко АО. Дослідження рівня функціональних показників дихальної системи дітей шкільного віку. Грааль науки, 2021;9:160-164.
8. Коц ВП, Коц СМ. Характеристика варіабельності серцевого ритму у молодих людей з різним рівнем рухової активності. Біологія та валеологія. 2017;19: 85-93.
9. Марушко ЮВ, Кривопустов СП, Хомич ОВ, Дмитришин ОА, Писарєв АО. Сучасні проблеми діагностики і профілактики ожиріння у дітей. Здоров’я дитини. Child’s Health. 2025;20(1):70-76.
10. Пальчук М, Сухомлинов Р, Кенсицька І. Оздоровчо-рекреаційна рухова активність, як засіб профілактики стресу у студентів під час дистанційного навчання. Фізична культура, спорт та здоров'я нації: збірник наукових праць. 2023;15(34):56-64.
11. Романюк АП, Шевчук ТЯ, Апончук ЛС. Особливості адаптаційних можливостей серцево-судинної системи у дітей молодшого шкільного віку. Acta Paedagogiсa Volynienses. 2023;2:69–78.
12. Шевчук Т, Романюк А, Апончук ЛС. Адаптаційний потенціал серцево-судинної системи у школярів пубертатного віку. Нотатки сучасної біології Notes in Current Biology. Notes in Current Biolog., 2023;1(5):76-81.
13. Akil L, Ahmad HA. Relationships between obesity and cardiovascular diseases in four southern states and Colorado. J Health Care Poor Underserved. 2011;22(4):61-72.
14. Alves JGB, Alves GV. Effects of physical activity on children's growth J Pediatr. 2019; 95(1):72-78.
15. Anderson EJ, Durstine L. Physical activity, exercise, and chronic diseases: A brief review. Sports Medicine and Health Science. 2019;1(1):3-10.
16. Apperley LJ, Blackburn J, Erlandson-Parry K, Gait L, Laing P, Senniappan S. Childhood obesity: A review of current and future management options. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 2022 Mar;96(3):288-301. doi: 10.1111/ cen.14625.
17. Bezkopylnyi O, Bazylchuk O, Sushchenko L, Bazylchuk V, Dutchak Y, Ostapenko H.. Peculiarities of application of interactive educational technologies in training of future teachers of physical culture to work with health protection in secondary school. Journal of Physical Education and Sport. 2020;20:291–297.
18. Centers for Disease 8 Control and Prevention (CDC). Prevalence of childhood obesity in the United States. Available from: https://www.cdc.gov/ obesity/data/childhood.html.
19. Endocrine Society. Pediatric Obesity Guideline Resources. Available from: https://www.endocrine.org/clinical-practice-guidelines/pediatric-obesity. Accessed: February 4, 2025.
20. Epstein LH, Wilfley DE, Kilanowski C, et al. Family-Based Behavioral Treatment for Childhood Obesity Implemented in Pediatric Primary Care: A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA. 2023 Jun 13;329(22):1947-1956. doi: 10.1001/jama.2023.8061.
21. Flynn AC, Suleiman F, Windsor-Aubrey H, et al. Preventing and treat¬ing childhood overweight and obesity in children up to 5 years old: A systematic review by intervention setting. Matern Child Nutr. 2022 Jul;18(3):e13354. doi: 10.1111/mcn.13354.
22. Leung AKC, Wong AHC, Hon KL. Childhood Obesity: An Updated Review. Curr Pediatr Rev. 2024;20(1):2-26. doi: 10.2174/15733963186662 20801093225.
23. Marcus C, Danielsson P, Hagman E. Pediatric obesity-Long-term consequences and effect of weight loss. J Intern Med. 2022 Dec;292(6):870- 891. doi: 10.1111/joim.13547.
24. Ministry of Health of Ukraine; Public Health Center. Every fifth child in Ukraine is overweight: results of the first national study of childhood obesity. Available from: https://moz.gov.ua/uk/kozhna-p-yata-ditina-v-ukrayini-maye-nadlishkovu-masu-tila-rezultati-pershogo-nacionalnogo-doslidzhen¬nya-dityachogo-ozhirinnya. Accessed: February 4, 2025. Ukrainian.
25. Ministry of Нealth of Ukraine. Order on September 24, 2022 № 1732. On adoption of the Standards of medical care for obesity in children. Available from: https://moz.gov.ua/uk/decrees/nakaz-moz-ukraini-vid- 24092022--1732-pro-zatverdzhennja-standartiv--medichnoi-dopomogi-ozhirinnja-u-ditej. Accessed: February 4, 2025. Ukrainian.
26. Salama M, Balagopal B, Fennoy I, Kumar S. Childhood obesity, diabetes and cardiovascular disease risk. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2023 Nov 17;108(12):3051-3066. doi: 10.1210/clinem/dgad361.
27. Sarni ROS, Kochi C, Suano-Souza FI. Childhood obesity: an ecological perspective. J Pediatr (Rio J). 2022;98(1):38- 46. doi: 10.1016/j.jped.2021.10.002.
28. Shi L, Jiang Z, Zhang L. Childhood obesity and central precocious puberty. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2022 Nov 18;13:1056871. doi: 10.3389/fendo.2022.1056871.
29. Shiroma EJ, Lee IM, Lobelo F, Puska P, Blair SN, Katzmarzyk PT. Effect of physical inactivity on major non-communicable diseases worldwide: an analysis of burden of disease and life expectancy. Lancet. 2012;380:219-229.
30. World Health Organization (WHO). Obesity and overweight fact sheet. Available from: https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/ obesity-and-overweight. Accessed: February 4, 2025.
31. World Health Organization (WHO). WHO recommendations on child health: guidelines approved by the WHO Guidelines. Geneva: WHO-press; 2017. 50 p.
32. Zabolotna IE, Yaschenko LV. Obesity and overweight among children, diagnostic criteria and statistics of prevalence. Clinical and Preventive Medicine. 2019;2(8):36-46. Ukrainian. doi: 10.31612/2616-4868.2(8).2019.04.