COMPOSITION OF ORGANIC WASTE IN HOUSING CONDITIONS

Abstract

The article highlights the results of experimental work carried out with the aim of
developing recommendations for the composting of organic waste in domestic
conditions. As a raw material for composting, a mixture of food (residues of
vegetables and fruits) and agricultural (weeds, fallen leaves) waste was used. To
determine the properties of compost, the physico-chemical methods of the study and
the method of biotesting were used.
During aerobic composting, in order to provide an airflow of compost, the
mixture should be loosened and stirred. It is also necessary to maintain high humidity
of the compost mixture. Reducing moisture causes a decrease in the activity of
bacteria, so to accelerate the decomposition of organic substances by microorganisms,
the compost mixture should be periodically moisturized. The low ambient temperature
slows down the process of decomposition of organic matter. In warm summer days,
composting takes place faster. The efficiency and speed of decomposition of organic
waste also affects the size of the particles of the compost mixture. The finer the source
material, the faster it decomposes, therefore, before composting, the waste must be
thoroughly crushed.
Despite a large number of works covering various aspects of the problem of
municipal waste composting, scientists remain concerned with the use of
microbiological additives to accelerate the composting process and improve the
quality of the obtained compost.
The results of the study found that the formation of compost accelerates the
microbiological preparations of natural and artificial origin, which promote
fermentation and decomposition of biomaterials, provide maximum allocation of
nutrients. It has been experimentally confirmed that the use of microbial extracts from
the soil and E-preparation "Baikal" as antimicrobial agents accelerates composting
and, in six weeks, it is possible to obtain qualitative compost. To mature compost
without microbiological additives, a longer period of time is required.
Therefore, we propose to add microbiological additives of natural (soil
extraction) and artificial (for example, EM preparation "Baikal", "Vodogray plus",
etc.) origin to accelerate composting of organic waste in domestic conditions to
compost mixtures.
Key words: solid household waste, composting, compost.